Explained the different stages a webpage goes throw. Typing in a web address in your web browser application > operating system > network card > router > modem > modem pool > ISP port server > ISP checks their name server to find where to send the request (DNS stuff) > (might have to go deeper to more backbone servers of your ISP or even to different ISP to find the name server ) > once name server is found (the web address the user entered corresponding IP address) > it sends the IP address back to the user (handshake) and now a more direct link is established between user and name server > name server identifies the request type (email/ webpage/...) and routs it appropriately, for our example its a webpage > name server's data centre routes packages to the host of the website > host send the HTML code back to user. Actions of the user's machine: Application prepares data for transmission > OS converts data into a suitable form > TCP layer breaks the data into a set of segments each of which includes a segment header that contains the segment number and other information > Duplicating segments incase of data lose during transition >TCP segments are now handed over to IP which encapsulates the segment into datagrams. Each datagram includes a header that contains destination address and other control information > Network card converts the datagrams into frames that include connection identifier information> the network layer transmit the data as a sequence of bits