You have to submit a case study about a challenge the team is currently facing and explain your approach to solving that challenge. This crosses the line between interview/assessment and consulting work.

Feedback to hiring team - The application asked super involved questions that took an hour to respond to thoughtfully. These questions should have been asked AFTER an initial resume screen. Or ask those questions in an interview where you can have a conversation. Got the impression it was a lazy or inexperienced hiring manager that didn't want to screen applicants. A case study further along in the interview process makes sense. It shouldn't take an hour to throw your hat in the ring. Be respectful of applicants' time.