Compulsory/ Cold start miss - Cannot be avoided no matter the cache size / associativity. Any data/instruction needs to be fetched for the first time. Capacity Miss - Due to the limitation of the cache size. Can be avoided by using a larger cache. Conflict Miss - No matter the size, multiple blocks will eventually be mapped to the same location. So one of them needs to be evicted. Can be made better by using a cache with higher associativity. Or use a victim cache.